Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women, yet it remains widely misunderstood. Affecting about 1 in 10 women of reproductive age, PCOS can impact everything from your periods and weight to your skin, fertility, and mental health.
At its core, PCOS is a condition where the ovaries produce excess androgens (male hormones), which can interfere with the development and release of eggs. As a result, many women with PCOS experience irregular periods, infertility, acne, excess facial or body hair, and weight gain, especially around the belly area. Some may also have small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on their ovaries, though not everyone with PCOS has these cysts.
But PCOS is more than just a reproductive issue. It’s a metabolic and hormonal disorder that can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep disorders, and even depression and anxiety. Many women don’t even realize they have PCOS until they try to conceive or experience other complications.
So, what causes PCOS?
The exact cause is still unclear, but genetics, insulin resistance, and inflammation are known to play a role. Women whose mothers or sisters have PCOS are more likely to develop it. Insulin resistance — when the body doesn’t use insulin properly — is also common in PCOS, leading to weight gain and difficulty losing weight.
How can PCOS be managed?
While PCOS has no cure, it is very manageable with the right approach. Lifestyle changes are the first line of defense. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in whole grains, lean protein, fruits, and vegetables, and weight management can help regulate hormones and improve symptoms. Even a modest weight loss of 5-10% can restore ovulation and regulate periods. Doctors may also prescribe birth control pills to regulate periods or metformin to improve insulin resistance. For those trying to conceive, fertility treatments and hormonal therapies are available.
PCOS can feel overwhelming, but with awareness, support, and healthy choices, it doesn’t have to control your life. If you suspect PCOS, don’t wait — talk to a doctor, track your symptoms, and take charge of your health. The earlier you understand your body, the stronger and healthier your future can be.
